![]() Other designs use a gear reduction system before the hammer mechanism, most often a single-stage planetary gearset usually with a heavier hammer, delivering a more constant speed and higher "spin" torque. Most impact wrenches drive the hammer directly from the motor, giving it fast action when the fastener requires only low torque. A normal vane motor is almost always used, usually with four to seven vanes, and various lubrication systems, the most common of which uses oiled air, while others may include special oil passages routed to the parts that need it and a separate, sealed oil system for the hammer assembly. (This is similar to a conventional hammer, where the user applies a small, constant force to swing the hammer, which generates a very large impulse when the hammer strikes an object.) The hammer design requires a certain minimum torque before the hammer is allowed to spin separately from the anvil, causing the tool to stop hammering and instead smoothly drive the fastener if only low torque is needed, rapidly installing/removing the fastener.Ĭompressed air is the most common power source for impact wrenches, providing a low-cost design with the best power-to-weight ratio. With this design, the only reaction force applied to the body of the tool is the motor accelerating the hammer, and thus the operator feels very little torque, even though a very high peak torque is delivered to the socket. ![]() The hammer mechanism is designed such that after delivering the impact, the hammer is again allowed to spin freely, and does not stay locked. In operation, a rotating mass is accelerated by the motor, storing energy, then suddenly connected to the output shaft (the anvil), creating a high-torque impact. Impact wrenches are one of the most commonly used air tools. Impact wrenches are available in every standard socket wrench drive size, from small 1⁄ 4 in (6.4 mm) drive tools for small assembly and disassembly, up to 3 + 1⁄ 2 in (89 mm) and larger square drives for major construction. Pulse tools are not referred to as "impact wrenches" as the performance and technology are not the same. This gives a smoother impulse, a slightly lower torque to weight ratio and a possibility to design a shut off mechanism that shuts the tool down when achieving the correct torque. Pulse tools use oil as a medium to transfer the kinetic energy from the hammer into the anvil. For product assembly, a pulse tool is commonly used, as it features a reactionless tightening while reducing the noise levels the regular impacts suffer from. Impact wrenches are widely used in many industries, such as automotive repair, heavy equipment maintenance, product assembly, major construction projects, and any other instance where a high torque output is needed. Pott of Evansville, Indiana.Ĭompressed air is the most common power source, although electric or hydraulic power is also used, with cordless electric devices becoming increasingly popular since the mid-2000s. JSTOR ( September 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī 1/2" drive pistol-grip air impact wrenchĪn impact wrench (also known as an impactor, impact gun, air wrench, air gun, rattle gun, torque gun, windy gun) is a socket wrench power tool designed to deliver high torque output with minimal exertion by the user, by storing energy in a rotating mass, then delivering it suddenly to the output shaft.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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